The Work of Maria Valtorta: Approach to Its Mystical Value

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Saint John of the Cross, Mystical Doctor of the Church.

The Work of Maria Valtorta is the set of volumes she wrote: The Gospel as Revealed to Me, the three Notebooks (from 1943, 1944, and 1945 to 1950) up to the The Book of Azarias and the Lessons on Saint Paul's Epistle to the Romans. There are several ways to analyze this work. Not to categorize it, but to raise our perspectives in order to perceive it with an overall point of view.

The Work of Maria Valtorta Follows the Progression of Mystical Life

The first way is to do so by referring to the three ways, the three Ages, of mystical life, as recalled by Fr. Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange (1877–1964), following the great Mystical Doctors of the Church, Saint John of the Cross and Saint Teresa of Avila.

• The Purgative Life.
• The Illuminative Life.
• The Unitive Life.

The purgative life is the path where one must progress by fighting Against sin, especially mortal sin. The spiritual life is authentic here, but ardent and difficult. There are falls.

The majority of Christians find themselves in this purgative life because to pass to the next level, the ascetic and mystical life in union with God, one must want it. This requires a conversion. This is what Christ said when addressing, not the crowd, but His Apostles: "Unless you convert, you will not enter my Kingdom". Thus, the Christian is called to convert himself, but also to re-convert throughout his life, and mainly to move on to the higher levels of the spiritual life, up to the highest peaks of the unitive life, which Saint John of the Cross described as the moment when the Soul feels that it loves God with the same love with which He loves it: "transforming union".

One could juxtapose the works of Maria Valtorta to these three types of spiritual life: a spiritual life increasingly pure, increasingly united to God and also increasingly demanding at the level of self-giving, of immolation, to belong solely to God.

The Gospel as Revealed to Me fits perfectly with the purgative life, the first level.

The three Notebooks (from 1943, 1944, and 1945 to 1950) correspond well to the illuminative life: a mystical life where mortal sins are distanced. We are in minor, venial sins or imperfections. Our life of prayer is more contemplative than the ardent meditation of the purgative life.

Finally, the The Book of Azarias and the Lessons on Saint Paul's Epistle to the Romans are the summit in terms of divine demand, but also in terms of love: the two go together, even if that may seem paradoxical. The demand that God asks of us is proportional to the love within us. The greater the love within us, the more demanding Love becomes. Just as one can say that Divine Mercy is equal and as perfect as Divine Justice.

The Gospel as Revealed to Me: The Foundation of This Spiritual Life

During her many dictations given to Maria Valtorta within the work, Christ mentions it several times: this fantastic work was first given to the world to make the Gospel more appealing. Unfortunately, for many Christians today, the four Gospels appear as stories from the past, which no longer touch the Heart and The Spirit. As taught by the Holy Church, the role of private revelation is to actualize the great Revelation for different epochs, according to the spiritual needs of the moment. This is wonderfully accomplished by The Gospel as Revealed to Me.

When one opens The Gospel as Revealed to Me, one knows that the reading will be captivating: what will happen, for example, between Peter with his gruff character and Judas who plots? There is an exciting, lively aspect in this narrative which is perfect to attract Souls to God. For their conversion, but not only that: it is also a continuous source of inspiration for those who aspire to live their spiritual life more fully.

Between the great discourses of Jesus and the more anecdotal episodes, there is a balance that makes the work not too difficult to read. The form of the narrative allows us to better assimilate the spiritual nourishment that Christ gives us through these wonderful episodes of The Gospel as Revealed to Me.

This is the Consolation, or the sweetness granted by God, which accompanies the spiritual progress in the ascetic and mystical life, notably at the purgative stage.

Among all of Maria Valtorta’s works, The Gospel as Revealed to Me is the work that provides the most of these Consolations, in addition to the essential spiritual teachings discovered throughout the reading of Christ’s discourses. We also discover, on this occasion, many other things: for example, the historical locations that archaeologists later uncover. These facts, which pique scholars' curiosity, also serve God’s designs by giving great credibility to this unique work by its scope. Thanks to this credibility, God can more easily enter the Souls, reassuring them of the divine origin of the writings they discover.

The precision, detail, and appeal of the narrative are thus necessary not only to attract us to reading but also to bring elements of evidence, solidity, and credibility that other private revelations of the past unfortunately never had: the malicious intervention of men very often betrayed their authenticity.

It is because of the Pride of our time that the world needs such a credible work. In the past, all these details and proofs would not have been necessary. But today, skepticism is king, science is the new Religion, and scientists the new priests. To fight this and reach men, God had to act on equal footing. Thus, in one of His many dictations, Jesus requests that His work be "known, disseminated, used by consecrated people and the faithful." It is meant to counterbalance "the increasingly widespread, active, and corrosive preaching of the Beast, propagated by means adapted to modern times, this subtle propaganda penetrates where the immobility of the sons of the light does not penetrate."

Thus, many confused topics or reasons for attacks Against the Catholic faith find in the work a response with evidence and advanced explanations: the life of Christ, for example, or evolutionism, scientific discoveries, etc.

In the past, minor inconsistencies in the Gospel did not cause questions; one found satisfactory explanations. The same for Genesis. But today "the foundations of faith are being removed," says The Spirit Saint in the work, "under the pretext that they are no longer adapted to the times, that they are childish, inadmissible, like fables that can no longer be accepted". We need complete and concrete proofs and explanations.

This need is not necessarily proof of our great spiritual wisdom or evolution upward. On the contrary, it is rather proof of our terrible decline in this area.

On December 7, 1945, Jesus asked Maria Valtorta to draw a diagram of our spiritual evolution through history. One sees a curve with key points such as the time of Noah, or that of Christ's coming, up to our era. It is a kind of spiral staircase going downwards. We are, collectively, at an extremely low level on the spiritual plane. The fact that there are many details in The Gospel as Revealed to Me, which prove important to attract us to the Word of God and to convert us, is therefore not a compliment to the spiritual state of our generation.

In His farewell to the work that closes this life of Jesus, Christ mentions that it is especially intended to "awaken in Priests and laity a lively love for the Gospel and for all things related to Christ. Above all, a renewed charity for my Mother, in whose prayers resides the secret of the salvation of the world. It is She, my Mother, who is the conqueror of the accursed Dragon."

This applies not only to The Gospel as Revealed to Me but to the entire work. It is also addressed especially to Souls who, like Maria Valtorta, aspire to give themselves to Christ as victim souls, in our time.

The Great Teachings for Our Time: The Notebooks

Within these three volumes recounting many dictations of Jesus, as well as visions not directly related to The Gospel as Revealed to Me, one immediately perceives a difference compared to the main work, in two respects: tone and content.

First, the tone is much more serious and severe. In The Gospel as Revealed to Me, mercy, the love of Jesus, is much more palpable. We discover Him in His gentlest aspect: this is His manner of seeking Souls.

In contrast, in the Notebooks, Jesus turns to the Souls of our era with severity, telling them: "you are lustful (of flesh, heart, and spirit) and you are proud of it". "You are full of Pride." Sometimes this severity addresses other behaviors that disgust Him. So one might ask: what Souls does Christ hope to draw to Him in this way?

But those who have read The Gospel as Revealed to Me already know Christ.

Thus, with this tone and the much denser content of His dictations, Christ now addresses Souls who, in the illuminative stage, are progressing on the path of union with God.

The Notebooks contain spiritual life advice for today’s situations. They alternate very severe discourses towards our generation with gentle but firm discourses, firmness of love, towards the Souls progressing toward Jesus.

Why this severity? We live in a generation full of Pride. To overcome this Pride (and we return to the question of credibility), Christ must show His ability to speak at the level of the proud and learned of our time. He speaks with the severity of a John the Baptist of old, but to the people of today, to remove the scales from their eyes and impose necessary respect through the solidity and firmness of His teachings.

Indeed, when a Soul is proud, it needs to perceive that the person reproaching it is solid. This solidity is expressed by the firmness of Christ, which our generation so desperately needs. This explains the tone employed.

The other marvelous aspect of the Notebooks, which we could not treat in The Gospel, is that of Grace. Why? Because the work of The Gospel is the life of Jesus before Redemption, except for the last volume. What did Christ come to teach us? He came to prepare people to receive Grace, given by His Passion. His teachings in The Gospel as Revealed to Me are thus those He could give to Souls barely formed, just discovering love of Neighbor and having to abandon the law of retaliation to accept the law of love and turn the other cheek.

When we turn to the teachings in the Notebooks, we find ourselves now in the era of Grace. Christ's teachings are thus much higher, because Grace is now spread in the Church. We are making dizzying progress. We deepen all the Sacraments: Baptism, the Eucharist, etc.

For example, why is the Eucharist often ineffective when it would have the power to transform the world into a paradise on earth? Jesus deepens this question, and many others. In these three volumes, all the Sacraments are touched upon in one way or another. Prayer and ways of praying are too, because although we have progressed in the spiritual life and now benefit from vivifying Grace, we still carry the burden of weaknesses inherent to the condition of our flesh.

Maria Valtorta’s Notebooks offer great and wonderful teachings for our time, guiding Souls toward a holiness that was unattainable before Christ’s Passion because without Grace one cannot be holy; that is why our ancestors in the faith of the Old Testament era, such as Moses or Abraham, were called "just" and not saints.

With the advent of Grace in the world, the Church now canonizes Souls "with heroic virtues." Indeed, Grace allows extraordinary leaps in Love: this is exactly what we can deepen in Maria Valtorta’s Notebooks. I have had the Grace to read and reread them, and it proved so nourishing both in my understanding of the world and in how to properly live my spiritual life.

To teach the world the power of Grace, there is nothing like these visions of martyrs in the Roman arenas. Those of young girls like Agnes beheaded in Rome, Perpetua and Felicity delivered to bulls near Carthage, or that of Petronilla and her servant Phenicula drowned in the Tiber. Or those victims delivered to beasts whose testimony moves gladiators tasked with finishing them off to ask for Baptism administered by an old priest with his last blood. Or the young child, already wounded, whom pitying soldiers want to save from death but who, on the contrary, demands glorious martyrdom and receives courage through the Eucharist given to him by Pope Anacletus, martyred with him..

These visions testify to the power of Grace. These testimonies are among the best one can read. Today, we often picture early Christian martyrdom as frightening, but if one reads even a single one of Maria Valtorta’s visions, the Soul cannot help but be drawn by the Love dwelling in the Heart of these Christians, absolutely overwhelmed by the desire to possess this Grace at the same level. To live martyrdom in turn? Not necessarily, but to possess at the same level this great love, which drives Souls to give everything for the One who is living Love.

All the events of The Gospel as Revealed to Me, then the Notebooks, then the Lessons, are there to inspire Souls toward Aspiration for Heaven, a desire to ascend, to be drawn to Love. In the Notebooks, God gradually gives the confession of Love at a still higher level. We are no longer at the stage of avoiding sins or even turning the other cheek, but at that of achieving heroic love. With these three volumes, a huge step is taken: the step of Grace. Love becomes more demanding. The Lord is severe but loving.

There are beautiful love passages where Maria Valtorta reproaches Our Lord who consoles her in her human experiences: for example, when she discovers the solitude of the orphaned girl after her mother’s death, or when she loses her familiar bird leaving her without any comforting Presence. The Lord then speaks to Maria Valtorta with much tenderness.

In these works, one discovers the relationship that Maria Valtorta had with God during the years of their writing. Everything not part of The Gospel as Revealed to Me is recorded in the Notebooks. We see how lovingly Jesus treated Maria Valtorta, despite her offering as a victim soul. This also challenges us: we understand that firmness and severity are always linked to great love.

The Great Theological Teaching: The Lessons on Saint Paul's Epistle to the Romans

The Lessons continue the progressive ascent found in Maria Valtorta’s works. In this book, the Consolations end: this is solid, on many levels.

First, the content: The Lessons is one of the most academic books imaginable. This is surprising, given that Maria Valtorta had no theological knowledge.

This work is an essential summit. It is of absolutely solid format. I would liken it to the Book of Azarias which we will discuss later. They are two sides of the same coin.

Once men have instinctively discovered Christ, His Love, and His Mercy, the Lord undertakes to spread even more His Wisdom by dictating theological teachings to Maria Valtorta, but in a way only God can do: solid lessons, without being difficult to approach.

It is a pure teaching for our era lying in confusion. The Holy Spirit realigns true theology when this discipline, in our time, has in many ways deviated from its path, from authentic Catholic teaching as promoted by John Paul II, Benedict XVI, or by the Catechism of the Catholic Church. Those who read the Lessons can then dialogue with theologians of all stripes and sometimes even be better informed than them, not only thanks to reading this summit work but also thanks to all the teachings given previously in Maria Valtorta’s works.

In a dictation to Maria Valtorta, Jesus explains: "This Work is that of the Spirit of the Spirit of God, of the love of the Father and the Son, of the Spirit who knows all truth and comes to reveal it to men caught in the current whirlwind, so that they can defend themselves Against infernal Doctrines."

Maria Valtorta adds: "This dictation follows a writing by Father Cordovani on the necessity for laypeople to also know theology and their request to obtain true and good theology."

These reflections recall an anecdote concerning Saint Catherine of Siena. This young Woman was inflamed with love for God from her youth. One day, a theology student, newly graduated and proud of it, came to question her. The saint was still young and had not studied theology. Surprised by her answers, the student later humbly acknowledged that in theology, "she had the marrow and he the bark".

Unfortunately, this passage about "bark" somewhat recalls the state of theology in our time. Indeed, without Love and life of union with God, theology cannot be understood. One only comprehends the bark, the surface, the theory without practice.

What is wonderful in the Lessons is that the Holy Spirit teaches us in one go both theory and practice. The "Sweet guest", as He often calls Himself in this work, teaches theology and makes it understandable to Souls in terms of our era. Not necessarily the most complex, though some are present, but the basic theological terms are present, such as those relating to the Trinity, for example.

Theology is explained according to the divine vision, as God sees Himself, thus in a perfect manner, and not with human imperfections.

If one instills the marrow of theology in the Soul, it becomes capable of confronting environments where errors are taught. The Soul immediately detects the false, the impure, the untrue, and the inauthentic. The Soul has been formed by the Lessons on Saint Paul's Epistle to the Romans. That was my impression. I remember the dryness of the discourse, for there are no Consolations in this work, unlike the Notebooks, which are punctuated with anecdotes on Maria Valtorta’s daily life. But here, we are in pure expositions and teachings: nothing else. There is a feeling of dryness, but this constitutes solid nourishment for the adult Soul. If the Soul thirsts for God, these divine teachings, this divine theology, penetrate and remain within it.

That is the theological aspect of the work, characterized by the solidity of the nourishment. Also, the Lord offers Souls a second type of teaching equally marvelous in the Lessons on Saint Paul's Epistle to the Romans.

The Lesson No. 23 is a good example. Beyond theology, God takes time to provide a coherent framework for understanding life. This light is a weapon. Indeed, this is what Our Lord explains at various places in the Work: today, the Enemy, the Evil One, possesses so many weapons to Struggle Against Christianity, to confuse Christians, to sow Doubt, to lose Souls, that Christ, God, the Holy Spirit, respond with equally solid weapons and give explanations that are just as solid, but this time arriving on the side of Light, not Darkness. In this lesson No. 23, we understand many things about evolutionism and its falsehood, according to the Lord’s revelations.

Dictations on this subject had already been given by the Lord in the Notebooks, but the most solid arguments are found in the Lessons.

In this lesson No. 23, one of the longest of the book, the Holy Spirit also provides a framework for understanding Grace.

What is Grace? How does it act?

One way to discover the answers to these questions is to realize, to understand how much we have lost it, compared to the Father's original Plan for Humanity. For this, the Lord lets us discover what the earthly Paradise was, the knowledge Adam and Eve possessed, their union with God, and the immense Grace they had. This is why simple disobedience in the time of earthly Paradise was a terrible fault. Terrible!

A fault which today would be nothing in God’s eyes, because of the Fall that followed the Fault, which makes our fallen nature much more fragile against sin.

Today, in this spiritual state, our degree of possession of Grace and Wisdom is so minuscule that, in many cases, a disobedience to God is often considered a venial sin.

But in the earthly Paradise, the choice to "eat from the tree of knowledge" was a drama in the fullest sense, because Adam had everything: he had God, he had the science, the full knowledge of God, he had all he needed not to fall, yet he fell.

As much as in our current condition it is difficult to do Good because of our bad inclinations pushing us to evil, as originally in earthly Paradise it was difficult to do evil and easy to do Good. Yet Adam and Eve, who had all the Grace and knowledge to do Good easily and evil with great difficulty, sinned. They fell and lost Grace.

In the Lessons, Christ explains the consequences and justice. While in Time, the condemnation always lasts, Mercy is also present in this divine punishment. The condemnation is terrible in its consequences: we have lost Grace, and pain and death have entered the world.

However, unlike Angels who, turning away from God, made an irreversible choice because they are pure spirits, God showed mercy to Adam and Eve because they possessed flesh which, even elevated by Grace, remained a factor making a fall easier than for pure spirits, who have a clear and unobstructed vision of the Truth which is God. Hence mercy that clings to Adam and Eve and their descendants: indeed, we can be redeemed during our stay on this "land of sorrow," and thus gain access to Paradise.

The Lessons develop further on this subject, providing a frame of reference, giving new nuances and new explanations in various ways and on different occasions: the resurrection of the body, the body we will have in Heaven for having fought with it on earth or, conversely, the suffering in Hell with the body that served us to sin on earth, outside a life according to God’s Commandments.

The properties of the body can vary according to the spiritual state in which one finds oneself. This is an element we learn to discover in the work.

There are thus numerous teachings in these Lessons, such as those about divine decisions regarding our present condition as well as our future condition in eternal life. But especially, as mentioned earlier, the Lord offers us a framework to understand life, natural and supernatural.

Thus, through the Lessons on Saint Paul's Epistle to the Romans, Christ gives us solid weapons to form a new vision of the world, free of all the falsities we learn today, we who are so exposed to modern scientific and atheistic thought. God reveals to us how different things could be, and that we are wrong to Believe that the world as we know it today is immutable and has always been so.

These new knowledges given to us by the Holy Spirit in the Lessons are thus different from traditional theological teachings. It is rather a framework for understanding life, very important, because faith also rests on these schemas, on these ways of understanding the world in which we live. Having faith requires possessing these frameworks for understanding life so that we can imagine how God inserts Himself into Creation, into our lives. Thus, in these troubled times, if one says that God cannot exist for one reason or another dictated by science, God Counter-attacks with very powerful arguments, which can be explored in the Future by supporters of a science open to supernatural facts. A science allied to the supernatural, because any science closed to God is closed to truth and goes astray.

Finally, I spoke of the peak of aridity reached by the Lessons. However, even if theology is discussed, love is always present because the way of speaking about it, about earthly Paradise, and all these more technical notions is always imbued with great love. It aims to reorder our poor intelligence filled with false teachings.

The Other Side of This Summit: The Book of Azarias

This work, among the lesser-known of the Work of Maria Valtorta, is, like the Lessons on Saint Paul's Epistle to the Romans, a pinnacle. It is the more loving aspect of this peak of Maria Valtorta’s work. Azarias, Maria’s guardian angel, guides Souls on spiritual paths, and more particularly advanced Souls, teaching them how to conduct themselves on the ways of God, toward a very great perfection of Love.

The angel Azarias is firmer than severe when advising Maria Valtorta. He indicates how to raise to perfection, in various ways, her love of God, by numerous practical advices, such as how to welcome visitors of the mystic, how to treat them in different situations that would often be humanly trying, etc. By his tone and spirit, this work is truly angelic.

What you read there holds the dryness of the Lessons, but is always wholly oriented toward love. It is truly love carried to its highest degree that Azarias teaches.

Within the teachings he gives Maria Valtorta for her conduct, her way of seeing life, of living her spiritual path, are also exceptional revelations about Heaven.

Thus, one of the lessons that catches attention is this description made by Azarias, from the angels' point of view, of what happened at Lucifer’s fall, after he denied God, and led a multitude of angels with him in rebellion. Azarias, in a very moving way, reveals how at that moment the angels were petrified by discovering their weakness. They were pure spirits, yet at that moment they found themselves capable of weakness.

It is from Lucifer’s fall that the Angels, for the first time, discovered Evil, which they saw face to face, while before they lived in a world free of all evil, without sin and without Pride.

The angels who remained in Heaven made the right choice: that of serving God. But for the first time, everything was changed. To the extent that angels can feel something, since they are pure spirits, I would say they were petrified, frightened by this weakness of The Spirit and fearful for themselves.

At this moment God showed them His future masterpiece: Mary. It was an Ecstasy. They were then reassured, fulfilled, and above all dazzled by her spectacular humility. She is almost the Incarnation of it, according to Azarias. Mary is the remedy for the dangers and weaknesses of spirits. This dictation suggests that Mary plays this role in Heaven for us. As if she protects us from Pride and will always protect us from it. She herself calls herself the servant, "the one who is not worthy." Christ in Maria Valtorta speaks of her "sublime: I am not worthy".

Mary continually says this in Heaven. This humility, so beautiful, so spectacular, is the reason God has exalted Mary. It is also a Protection for men.

In this work of Maria Valtorta, we also discover the utility and role of Souls and Angels in Heaven. For God, who is living Love, is always in action. Souls share in this Divine Life, and nothing stops when one reaches Heaven. Rather, the True Life begins.

God, who is total gift, is in continual creation, continuous renewal, and desires to involve all His creatures, angels and humans, in His act of Love.

If one can conceive the Lessons on Saint Paul's Epistle to the Romans as a summit of spiritual knowledge which, as such, helps us overcome the forces of Evil in our time, one can see the Book of Azarias as a summit of love and contemplation of celestial life.

These two books are situated at the highest level of the mystical life begun by the purgative life with The Gospel as Revealed to Me, and pursued by the illuminative life in the three volumes of Maria Valtorta’s Notebooks.

The Lessons on Saint Paul's Epistle to the Romans and the Book of Azarias belong to the unitive life, the one which leads to "transforming union".

The School of Holiness

Within an Internet exchange on Maria Valtorta, a reader of this work rightly said that it contained everything necessary to become saints, even great saints. I firmly believe it. But, says Christ in a dictation from the Notebooks about the Eucharist, why, if one possesses the Eucharist, so powerful that it can transform us into saints, are the priests and faithful who go to Mass every day not saints?

Jesus responds: God gives Grace, and that of the Eucharist is infinite because it is the infinite merits of Jesus Christ which, through His Body and Blood, are given to humanity. But if the Body and Blood of Christ do not transform the world into earthly paradise, it is because men, through their free will, do not make sufficient efforts to correspond to these wonderful Graces. Some Souls, unfortunately rare, nevertheless do and progress spectacularly in love.

Recalling the teachings of this Lord’s lesson, one can draw a parallel with Maria Valtorta’s work, whose knowledge and love it contains in an ascending way allow us, if we have the will, to become great saints and to transform humanity. One could say it starting with The Gospel as Revealed to Me, which is the seed, because it allows rediscovering the four canonical gospels and going even further.

Some Souls feel more comfortable with other private revelations simpler than Maria Valtorta’s. This is quite understandable. The Lord explains to Maria Valtorta that He comes to seek us according to our own charisma and abilities.

It is thus, for instance, with the private revelations of Vassula or the "Daughter of Yes," which I personally consider authentic, after careful reading. These private revelations are simpler than Maria Valtorta’s, but God grants as much Grace to Souls who make the effort to know Jesus this way, even if the knowledge discovered in Maria Valtorta’s work is not entirely found in these other private revelations of our time.

Christ also specified to Maria Valtorta, during the preparation of the work, that there are private revelations intended to be more local, while others are meant to have a greater scope. That of the work given to Maria Valtorta is global and of great scope. We have proof today with this work spreading somewhat everywhere in the world, without real publicity.

Thus, in conclusion, we can only give Thanks to God for this wonderful gift given to us in our time, through the small instrument of Jesus, the "little John", Maria Valtorta. Whether we deepen the Gospel and the reality of Jesus Christ, true God and true Man, in a new way through The Gospel as Revealed to Me, or discover anew the power of Grace through the moving visions of the martyrs in the Notebooks, or assimilate into our Soul the "marrow" of theology through reading the Lessons on Saint Paul's Epistle to the Romans, any Soul who opens a volume of The Work Given to Maria Valtorta in our time, if they have an open Heart and a Thirst to know and love more and more the One who is Love, will find wonderful, nourishing, transformative food in these pages. May we, as Our Lord so desires, follow in Maria Valtorta’s footsteps in her Aspiration toward Love, and grow ever more in it by meditating and applying these rich and wonderful teachings granted by God to the world for our time.

Emmanuel GaudrWaterlt,

December 18, 2012.

Manifestation of the Holy Spirit after the Bible to a person or particular group. It is individual and relative.

First part of the Bible from the book of Genesis until before the coming of Jesus Christ. Parallel

In-depth research on God, faith, religious Doctrine.

In a Christian sense, study concerning God and divine things in the light of Revelation.

Fellowship of the Church who are not part of the clergy or religious orders.

In a Christian sense, study concerning God and divine things in the light of Revelation.